Attitudes: their structure, function and consequences

SECTION A. Conceptualizing Attitudes. Section Overview. READING 1. Attitudes: A New Look at an Old Concept / Mark P. Zanna & John K. Rempel. READING 2. On the Automatic Activation of Attitudes/ Russell H. Fazio, David M. Sanbonmatsu, Martha C. Powell, and Frank R. Kardes. SECTION B. Measurement of Attitudes. Section Overview .READING 3. Attitudes Can Be Measured / L. L. Thurstone. READING 4. Self-Reports: How the Questions Shape the Answers / Norbert Schwarz. READING 5. Electromyographic Activity over Facial Muscle Regions Can Differentiate the Valence and Intensity of Affective Reactions / John T. Cacioppo, Richard E. Petty, Mary E. Losch, and Hai Sook Kim. READING 6. Variability in Automatic Activation as an Unobtrusive Measure of Racial Attitudes: A Bona Fide Pipeline? / Russell H. Fazio, Joni R. Jackson, Bridget C. Dunton, and Carol J. Williams. READING 7. Measuring Individual Differences in Implicit Cognition: The Implicit Association Test / Anthony G. Greenwald, Debbie E. McGhee, and Jordan L.K. Schwartz. SECTION C. Affective, Cognitive, and Behavioral Bases of Attitudes Section Overview. READING 8. An Investigation of the Relationship between Beliefs about an Object and the Attitude toward that Object / Martin J. Fishbein. READING 9 Feeling and Thinking: Preferences Need No Inferences / Robert B. Zajonc. READING 10. Affective-Cognitive Consistency and the Effect of Salient Behavioral Information on the Self-Perception of Attitudes / Shelly Chaiken and Mark W. Baldwin. READING 11. Assessing the Structure of Prejudicial Attitudes: The Case of Attitudes toward Homosexuals / Geoffrey Haddock, Mark P. Zanna, and Victoria M. Esses. READING 12. Thinking and Caring about Cognitive Inconsistency: When and for Whom Does Attitudinal Ambivalence Feel Uncomfortable? / Ian R. Newby-Clark, Ian McGregor, and Mark P. Zanna. SECTION D. Functions of Attitudes Section Overview. READING 13. The Functional Approach to the Study of Attitudes / Daniel Katz. READING 14. Appeals to Image and Claims about Quality: Understanding the Psychology of Advertising / Mark Snyder and Kenneth G. DeBono. READING 15. Matching Versus Mismatching Attitude Functions: Implications for Scrutiny of Persuasive Messages / Richard E. Petty and Duane T. Wegener. READING 16. Prejudice as Self-Image Maintenance: Affirming the Self through Derogating Others / Steven Fein and Steven J. Spencer. READING 17. On the Functional Value of Attitudes: The Influence of Accessible Attitudes upon the Ease and Quality of Decision Making / Russell H. Fazio, Jim Blascovich, and Denise M. Driscoll. READING 18. Thinking Too Much: Introspection Can Reduce the Quality of Preferences and Decisions / Timothy D. Wilson and Jonathan W. Schooler. SECTION E. Impact on Perception and Judgment Section Overview. READING 19. They Saw a Game: A Case Study Albert H. Hastorf and Hadley Cantril. READING 20 .Biased Assimilation and Attitude Polarization: The Effects of Prior Theories on Subsequently Considered Evidence / Charles G. Gord, Lee Ross, and Mark R. Lepper. READING 21. The Effect of Attitude on the Recall of Personal Histories / Michael Ross, Cathy McFarland, and Garth J.O. Gletcher. READING 22. On the Orienting Value of Attitudes: Attitude Accessibility as a Determinant of an Object's Attraction of Visual Attention / David R. Roskos-Ewoldsen and Russell H. Fazio. READING 23. Selective Exposure: Voter Information Preferences and the Watergate Affair / Paul D. Sweeney and Kathy L. Gruber. SECTION F. Impact on Behavior Section Overview. READING 24. Attitudes versus Actions / Richard T. LaPiere. READING 25. Attitude Prototypes as Determinants of Attitude-Behavior Consistency / Charles G. Lord, Mark R. Lepper, and Diane Mackie. READING 26. Attitudinal and Normative Variables as Predictors of Specific Behaviors / Icek Ajzen and Martin Fishbein. READING 27. Attitude Accessibility as a Moderator of the Attitude-Perception and Attitude-Behavior Relations: An Investigation of the 1984 Presidential Election / Russell H. Fazio and Carol J. Williams.

Includes bibliographical references and indexes.

The study of likes and dislikes - what social psychologists refer to as "attitudes" - has been a central focus of the field for decades. What are attitudes? How can we study and measure them scientifically? How are they formed and changed? Of what functional value, if any, are they? How do they come to influence our attention, perception, judgments, and behavior? These are among the questions that have spurred social psychological research on attitudes, and they are among the issues addressed in this volume.

The articles reprinted in this collection represent noteworthy developments in the field's understanding of attitudes. Together, the readings provide a representative and broad coverage of the literature, illustrating well what the field has come to learn about the structure, function, and consequences of attitudes.